Japan Rugby League One (formerly the Top League) is a rugby union competition in Japan. It is the highest level of professional rugby competition in the country. The Japan Rugby Football Union created the competition in 2003, by absorbing the Japan Company Rugby Football Championship, to drive up the overall standard and popularity of the sport and improve the results of the Japan national rugby union team. The chief architect of the league was Hiroaki Shukuzawa who strongly felt the urgency of improving Japanese domestic company rugby to a professional level which would allow Japan to compete more convincingly at Rugby World Cups.

Until 2022, it was an industrial league, where many players were employees of their company and the teams were all owned by major companies. While the competition was known for paying high salaries, only world-class foreign players and a small number of Japanese players played fully professionally, which meant most of the players still played in an amateur capacity. The delayed 2021 season was the final season of the Top League, with the JRFU adopting a new fully-professional three-tier system from 2022. More details about the new structure was announced to the media in January 2021. Featuring 25 teams, the 12 top-tier clubs would be split into two conferences, with seven teams competing in division two and six in division three. The new competition was formally announced as Japan Rugby League One in July 2021.

The first season in 2003–04 featured 12 teams. The league was expanded to 14 teams in 2006–07 and 16 teams in 2013–14. The Top League is played during the off-season of the Super Rugby, Therefore, many full-time foreign professionals from Southern Hemisphere countries have played in the Top League, notably Tony Brown, George Gregan and Dan Carter. In the 2010s, salaries in the Top League have risen to become some of the highest in the rugby world; in 2012, South Africa's Jaque Fourie, now with Kobelco Steelers, was widely reported to be the world's highest-paid player.

Japan - Rugby League One is een professionele rugbycompetitie in Japan. Het is de hoogste divisie van rugby union in het land en omvat 12 teams. De competitie werd opgericht in 2022 en verving de Top League.

De Japan - Rugby League One bestaat uit twee afdelingen: de Top League en de Challenge League. De Top League bestaat uit de beste acht teams in het land, terwijl de Challenge League bestaat uit de resterende vier teams. De teams spelen een volledig seizoen met thuis- en uitwedstrijden. De beste teams van de Top League kwalificeren zich voor de play-offs, waar ze strijden om de titel van kampioen van Japan.

De Japan - Rugby League One is een van de meest prestigieuze rugbycompetities in Azië. Het trekt enkele van de beste spelers ter wereld aan en biedt een hoog niveau van rugby. De competitie is ook belangrijk voor de ontwikkeling van het rugby in Japan en helpt het land zich voor te bereiden op de Rugby World Cup van 2023.